Finance Week 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Account Week 3 - Essay Example Financial specialists that are hazard disinclined will put a great deal of their assets in like manner stocks because of the way that regular stocks have a higher capability of value appreciation. Financial specialists that don't have any significant bearing the broadening rule can lose a great deal of cash if the specific division of the market they put resources into goes down. It is never an insightful thought for financial specialists to put every one of their eggs in a similar crate. Enhancement guarantees that financial specialists spread their protections around various divisions of the market. Administrators can use the enhancement guideline to build their income position. An approach to utilize putting away to build incomes is by buying blue chip stocks that have a past filled with delivering profits each year. Another path for supervisors to improve the money position of an organization is by putting resources into securities that pay coupon installments and in favored stocks that deliver yearly profits. Firms may likewise improve their income position by selling business paper in the commercial center. The most widely recognized type of business paper is corporate securities. â€Å"The right expansion technique can give you the best chances of enduring whatever monetary tempests may hit the market in the future† (Caplinger, 2012). Caplinger, D. (2012). This Diversification Strategy Will Make Your Portfolio Safer. Recovered November 9, 2012 from

Comparing Gender Roles of Americans over Past 100 Yrs

Kristal Smith Professor Ryan Enc 1101 Section 39547 November 22, 2012 Contemporary Roles versus Roles 100 Years Ago If we take a gander at America 100 years back, the progressions from that point to now are incredible. In 1906, the normal life expectancy was 47 years. Just 18% of the homes had their own private bath. There were just 8000 vehicles aggregate in the United States with just 144 miles of cleared street. [1] Today we have a gauge 250 million enlisted vehicles in the United States. There have been laws passed that each home must have its own bath and new wellspring of water.Considering the progressions the United States has made in the course of recent years, it is nothing unexpected that the jobs of people have changed also. The jobs of people in contemporary society stanzas their jobs in the public arena 100 years back present an enormous hole of physical and mental contrasts. The American lady of the 1900’s was to be seen, not heard. She was the homemaker and the one to bring up the kids. She cooked, cleaned, tended the clothing, showed the kids and dealt with her husband.She had no rights or opportunities in the political or strict world. was Limited rights and opportunities with a full heap of obligation was a troublesome errand to prevail at anyway the job was all around characterized which gave a suspicion that all is well and good. She had the option to keep up a delicate and enthusiastic dispostion basically on the grounds that there were no desires for her to be some other way. The 1900’s American lady is the meaning of what we term the conventional job of a lady. [2] Her partner, the 1900’s American man, was the laborer, supplier and protector.He had a voice in governmental issues and religion. He picked up regard and notoriety by his activity, his significant other, and his kids. The job of the man was straightforward yet significant. He was solid and secure with the passionate help of his better half. The jobs of the 1900 American ladies and man commended each other well and were effective. The American lady job of advanced society has developed since the 1900’s. In present day, lady reserve the option to cast a ballot and run for administration on the off chance that she picks to.Women have equivalent rights as men in the political and strict fields too in the work power. In present day, numerous ladies work and help support monetarily for their family. The cutting edge American lady has more weight and worry to convey alongside her privileges and opportunities. This frequently keeps her from being delicate and enthusiastic. Their partner, the cutting edge American man, despite everything follow the customary jobs of being the supplier and the defender, however there are additionally a great deal of â€Å"stay-at-home† fathers which implies they are presently the homemaker.In a few cases, he isn't the defender and security which can influence his manliness. It is confused to enoug h detail the advanced jobs of people as the lines are not, at this point plainly characterized. The previous 100 years has served the American man and lady a differing measure of changes from lady increasing equivalent rights to men cooking and cleaning. In the 1900’s, the jobs of ladies and men were unmistakably characterized and acknowledged. Today, the jobs are not characterized and the desires are confused.Men and ladies both would now be able to be the political pioneer, the supplier, the homemaker, and the defender. The advanced jobs of people sharing rights and opportunities are seen as something to be thankful for. Maybe the conventional jobs were increasingly fruitful at commending each other as they disposed of the issue of sexual orientation job disarray. Works Cited 1. â€Å"Women 100 years Ago versus Women Now† http://recomparison. com/examinations/100358/ladies 100-years-back versus ladies now/2. â€Å"100 Years Ago in America† http://rense. com/ge neral70/100yrs. htm Copyright  © 2002 JPS/Kitco Inc

Financial Aid Filing Season

Financial Aid Filing Season As the start of the school year is quickly approaching, seniors should be keeping financial aid at the forefront of their thoughts. Financial aid is very important as it’s necessary for many students to be able to afford post-secondary opportunities. In order to be eligible to receive financial aid, the first step is completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). You can start filing for your FAFSA as early as October 1st, 2018. I encourage you to complete the application as quickly as possible because funding is available on the first come first serve basis, meaning if you wait too late, there might not be any funding available. Timely completion of your FAFSA is very essential if you plan on exploring any post-secondary opportunities. The FAFSA is the first step in the financial aid process. It is used to apply for federal student financial aid such as grants, loans and work study. In addition, post-secondary schools use information from the FAFSA to award non-federal financial aid. The application is available free of charge therefore, you should not be paying anything to complete this application. In order to begin the process, complete the FAFSA application using the link provided. Make sure that you are adding the schools you’re considering attending to your application by adding their school code. For example, if you are applying to Illinois, you must add our federal school code which is 001775. Next, you should ensure that all of your contact information is entered correctly on your application. In many cases, once a student completes their application, more information is needed from the student and our Office of Student Financial Aid (OSFA) will need to reach out to for further information. If OSFA is requesting additional information from you, they will reach out via paper mail and email. It’s important that you provide this necessary information as quickly as possible in order to receive your award letter. Award letters start becoming available as early as February 15th. If you completed FAFSA and we are waiting for more information from you, you will not receive an award letter however, the funds allocated to you will still be available once you send the information needed. Please frequently check your emails and standard mail throughout your entire senior year as their might be very important matters pending. Seniors, I truly understand that you will be extremely busy this school year. You are expected to complete college applications, scholarship applications, maintain quality grades, engage in involvement and complete your FAFSA. It’s important for you to understand that you are not alone in this process. Most high schools have college counselors available to assist you in the completion of your FAFSA and it’s important that you utilize them as your main resource this year. If your school doesn’t provide assistance to you, there are other resources that are willing to assist you such as, The Illinois Student Assistance Commission. Additionally you may always contact OSFA for any assistance as well. If you have any questions or concerns, feel free to drop them below and I will get back to you! Good Luck! Chris Admissions Counselor I was born and raised on the south side of Chicago and graduated from Kenwood Academy High School. I hold a bachelor’s degree from Illinois in Urban Planning. I work in the Chicago Satellite Office, where I assist and recruit students who are interested in attending Illinois.

Dentistry And For Selecting Dentistry As A Profession Essay

. Give the reasons for your interest in dentistry and for selecting dentistry as a profession: There are several reason why I have decided to pursue a career in dentistry, one of them being my upbringing. Growing up in a socioeconomically disadvantaged family, I have watched my parents forgo essential medical treatment, in order to provide my siblings and I the basic necessities. For two decades, my mother sacrificed her oral health; overtime the lack of care took its toll and left her with diminished oralhealth. As a result my mother’s self-esteem suffered, greatly altering her personality. Watching my mother suffer due to a lack of proper oral care is the driving force in me to become a dentist. I want to be in a position to ease suffering and provide oral health care to those in need. Coming from an underserved community, I feel an obligation to give back to such communities. While volunteering at dental clinics, I have noticed the commonality of health disparities associated with those individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. Often, those of lower socioeconomic status tend to put off seeking preventive dental services that often lead to chronic illnesses that are more difficult to treat. I find it heartbreaking to know people’s oral and overall health suffers because of their socioeconomic state. With the large number of dentists projected to retire in the upcoming years, there will be an increased shortage of dentists who are committed to providing oralShow MoreRelatedDental And Pre Medical Experience951 Words   |  4 Pageseach activity, dates of attendance, location, and description of your experience. If you do not have any predental or premedical experience, please indicate what you have done that led you to your decision to enter dentistry. My mom definitely had an impact on my decision to enter dentistry. She has been working as a Dental Hygienist for the past 15 years and she loves every second of it. She tells me about how her patients tell her how thankful they are for her because they feel relief after theirRead MoreRoles and Functions of the Guidance Counsellor1482 Words   |  6 PagesCounsellors form a part of the helping profession. They are professional helpers who have had graduate level training in the study of human behaviour, have a variety of helping techniques and supervised interships, counselling individuals and groups. Gibson and Mitchell (1999) describes a helping profession as one in which the members are specially trained and licensed or certified to perform a unique needed service for fellow human beings. Such professions are recognised by everyone for the providenceRead MoreResearch Awareness Essay examples5838 Words   |  24 Pagesto ‘journal article’ in order to obtain results from credible sources.   I refined the search by publication date of 2008 to present to ensure the literature was up-to-date.   I refined by language to only English.   Then refined by subject terms by selecting the words ‘adolescents’, ‘teenagers’, ‘care and treatment’, ‘communication’ and ‘nursing’ in order to try to find literature relevant to my requirements.   After all of these refinements the search produced 4231 results.   This was still far too manyRead More2006 Arroyo Case Study31910 Words   |  128 Pages(or -es): The term frequently used for AF’s volunteers, who promote health in many different ways NHSC: National Health Service Corps, a program within HRSA’s Bureau of Health Professions focused on recruiting and retaining health professionals in underserved areas Pugh Matrix: A method for prioritizing and selecting options using a matrix to score alternatives against a set of evaluation criteria NP: Nurse Practitioner O OASIS: AF’s principal process improvement methodology Q QPG:Read More2006 Arroyo Case Study31910 Words   |  128 PagesPromotoras (or -es): The term frequently used for AF’s volunteers, who promote health in many different ways NHSC: National Health Service Corps, a program within HRSA’s Bureau of Health Professions focused on recruiting and retaining health professionals in underserved areas Pugh Matrix: A method for prioritizing and selecting options using a matrix to score alternatives against a set of evaluation criteria NP: Nurse Practitioner O OASIS: AF’s principal process improvement methodology Q QPG: QualityRead MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 Pagessuperior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, uponRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesExchange-participating 2 health benefits plans and file complaints; 3 (B) develop and disseminate information to 4 Exchange-eligible enrollees on their rights and 5 responsibilities; 6 (C) assist Exchange-eligible individuals in 7 selecting Exchange-participating health benefits 8 plans and obtaining benefits through such 9 plans; and 10 (D) ensure that the Internet Web site de- 11 scribed in subparagraph (A) and the informa- 12 tion described in subparagraphRead Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 Pagesinstructional techniques that assist children in learning the knowledge and skills described in the preschool learning foundations. The â€Å"how-tos† of teaching young children include setting up environments, supporting children’s self-initiated play, selecting appropriate materials, and planning and implementing teacher-guided learning activities. Two major considerations underlie the â€Å"how-tos† of teaching. First, teachers can effectively foster early learning by thoughtfully considering the preschoolRead MoreAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 PagesProvide a diverse collection of magazines and brochures in the waiting area inclusive of the preferences of all patients. The hospital should consider from among the many publications tailored to different populations, cultures, and communities when selecting materials to match their patient population. †¢ Reflect the diversity of the patient population in hospital marketing materials and decor. †¢ Make sure navigational signage can be understood by the patient population. Incorporate pictures or symbolsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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USS Arkansas (BB-33) in World War II

Nation:  United StatesType:  BattleshipShipyard:  New York Shipbuilding, Camden, NJLaid Down:  January 25, 1910Launched:  January 14, 1911Commissioned:  September 17, 1912Fate:  Sunk July 25, 1947, during Operation Crossroads USS Arkansas  (BB-33) - Specifications Displacement:  26,000  tonsLength:  562 ft.Beam:  93.1 ft.Draft:  28.5 ft.Propulsion:  12  Babcock and Wilcox  coal-fired boilers  with oil spray, 4-shaft  Parsons  direct-drive  steam turbinesSpeed:  20.5  knotsComplement:  1,063  men​ Armament (As Built) 12 Ãâ€"  12-inch/50 caliber Mark 7  guns21 Ãâ€"  5/51 caliber guns2 Ãâ€" 21  torpedo tubes USS Arkansas (BB-33) - Design Construction Conceived at the 1908 Newport Conference, the  Wyoming-class of battleship was the US Navys fourth type of dreadnought after the earlier  -,  -, and  -classes.  The first incarnations of the design came about through war games and debates as the earlier classes had not yet entered service.  Central among the conferences findings was the need for increasingly larger calibers of main guns.  During the latter months of 1908, discussions  ensued over the configuration and armament of the new class with various layouts  being considered.  On March 30, 1909, Congress authorized  construction of two Design 601 battleships.  The Design 601 plans  called for a ship approximately 20% larger than the  Florida-class and carrying twelve 12 guns.   Named  USS  Wyoming  (BB-32) and USS  Arkansas  (BB-33), the two ships of the new class were powered by twelve Babcock and Wilcox coal-fired boilers with direct drive turbines turning four propellers.  The arrangement of the main armament saw the twelve 12 guns mounted in  six twin turrets in  superfiring (one firing over the other) pairs forward, amidships, and aft.  To support the main guns, naval architects added twenty-one 5 guns with the bulk placed in individual casemates below the main deck. Additionally, the battleships carried two 21 torpedo tubes.  For protection, the  Wyoming-class utilized the main armor belt eleven inches thick.   Assigned to New York Shipbuilding Corporation in Camden, NJ, construction started  on Arkansas  on January 25, 1910.  Work advanced over the next year and  the new battleship entered the water on January 14, 1911, with Nancy Louise Macon of Helena, Arkansas  serving as sponsor.  Construction concluded the following year and  Arkansas  shifted to the Philadelphia Navy Yard where it entered commission on September 17, 1912, with Captain Roy C. Smith  in command. USS Arkansas (BB-33) - Early Service Departing Philadelphia,  Arkansas  steamed north to New York to take part in a fleet review for President William H. Taft.  Embarking the president, it then carried him south to the Panama Canal construction site before conducting a brief shakedown cruise.  Retrieving Taft,  Arkansas  transported him to Key West in December before joining the Atlantic Fleet.  Taking part in routine maneuvers during the majority of 1913, the battleship steamed for Europe that fall.  Making goodwill calls around the Mediterranean, it arrived in Naples in October and aided in celebrating the birthday of King Victor Emmanuel III.  Returning home,  Arkansas  sailed for the Gulf of Mexico in early 1914 as tensions with Mexico increased. In late April, Arkansas  took part in the US occupation of Veracruz.  Contributing four companies of infantry to the landing force, the battleship supported the fighting from offshore.  During the battle for the city,  Arkansas detachment sustained two killed while two members won the Medal of Honor for their actions.  Remaining in the vicinity through the summer, the battleship returned to Hampton Roads in October.  Following repairs at New York, Arkansas  began three years of standard operations with the Atlantic Fleet.  These consisted of training and exercises in northern waters during the summer months and in the Caribbean in the winter.   USS Arkansas (BB-33) - World War I Serving with Battleship Division 7 in early 1917, Arkansas  was in Virginia when the US entered World War I that April.  Over the next fourteen months, the battleship operated along the East Coast training gun crews.  In July 1918,  Arkansas  transited the Atlantic and relieved USS  Delaware  (BB-28) which was serving with the 6th Battle Squadron in Admiral Sir David Beattys British Grand Fleet. Operating with the 6th Battle Squadron for the remainder of the war, the battleship sortied in late November along with the Grand Fleet to escort the German High Seas Fleet into internment at Scapa Flow.  Detached from the Grand  Fleet on December 1,  Arkansas  and other American naval forces steamed for Brest, France where they met the liner SS  George Washington  which was carrying President Woodrow Wilson to the peace conference at Versailles.  This done, the battleship sailed for New York where it arrived on December 26. USS Arkansas (BB-33) - Interwar Years In May  1919,  Arkansas served as a guide ship for a flight of US Navy Curtiss NC flying boats as they attempted a trans-Atlantic flight before receiving  orders to join the Pacific Fleet that summer.  Passing through the Panama Canal,  Arkansas  spent two years in the Pacific during which time it visited Hawaii and Chile.  Returning to the Atlantic in 1921, the battleship spent the next four years conducting routine exercises and midshipmen training cruises.  Entering the Philadelphia Navy Yard in 1925,  Arkansas  underwent a modernization program which saw the installation of oil-fired boilers, a tripod mast aft, additional deck armor, as well as the trunking of the ships funnels into a single, larger funnel.  Rejoining the fleet in November 1926, the battleship spent the next several years in peacetime operations with the Atlantic and Scouting Fleets.  These included a variety of training cruises and fleet problems. Continuing to serve, Arkansas  was at Hampton Roads in September 1939 when World War II began in Europe.  Assigned to the Neutrality Patrol reserve force along with USS  New York  (BB-34), USS  Texas  (BB-35), and USS  Ranger  (CV-4), the battleship continued training activities into 1940.  The following July,  Arkansas  escorted US forces to the north to occupy Iceland before being present at the Atlantic Charter conference a month later.  Resuming service with the Neutrality Patrol, it was at Casco Bay, ME on December 7 when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. USS Arkansas (BB-33) - World War II Following training activities in the North Atlantic,  Arkansas  arrived at Norfolk in March 1942 for an overhaul.  This saw a reduction in the vessels secondary armament and an enhancement of its anti-aircraft defenses.  After a shakedown cruise in the Chesapeake,  Arkansas  escorted a convoy to Scotland in August.  It repeated this run again in October.  Beginning in November, the battleship began protecting convoys bound for North Africa as part of Operation Torch.  Continuing in this duty until May 1943,  Arkansas  then moved to a training role in the Chesapeake.  That fall, it received orders to aid in escorting convoys to Ireland. In April 1944, Arkansas  commenced shore bombardment training in Irish waters in preparation for the invasion of Normandy.  Sortieing on June 3, the battleship joined Texas  in Group II before arriving off Omaha Beach three days later.  Opening fire at 5:52 AM,  Arkansas first shots in combat struck German positions behind the beach.  Continuing to engage targets through the day, it remained offshore supporting Allied operations for the next week.  Operating along the Norman coast for the rest of the month, Arkansas  shifted to the Mediterranean in July to provide fire support for Operation Dragoon.  Striking targets along the French Riviera in mid-August, the battleship then sailed for Boston. Undergoing a refit,  Arkansas  prepared for service in the Pacific.  Sailing in November, the battleship reached Ulithi in early 1945.  Assigned to Task Force 54,  Arkansas  took part in the invasion of Iwo Jima beginning on February 16.  Departing in March, it sailed for Okinawa where it provided fire support for Allied troops following the landings on April 1.  Remaining offshore into May, the battleships guns bombarded Japanese positions.  Withdrawn to Guam and then the Philippines, Arkansas  remained there into August.  Sailing for Okinawa late in the month, it was at sea when the word was received that the war had ended. USS Arkansas (BB-33) - Later Career Assigned to Operation Magic Carpet,  Arkansas  aided in returning American servicemen from the Pacific.  Employed in this role through the end of the year, the battleship then remained at San Francisco through the early part of 1946.  In May, it departed for Bikini Atoll via Pearl Harbor.  Arriving at Bikini in June, Arkansas  was designated as a target ship for the Operation Crossroads atomic bomb testing.  Surviving Test ABLE on July 1, the battleship was sunk on July 25 following the underwater detonation of Test BAKER.  Officially decommissioned four days later,  Arkansas  was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on August 15. Selected Sources DANFS: USS  Arkansas  (BB-33)NHHC: USS  Arkansas  (BB-33)U-boat.net: USS  Arkansas  (BB-33)

Descriptions And Categories Of Hurricanes Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

Introduction Hurricanes are tropical storms with air current velocities transcending 74mph. They typically occur over oceans and get down their formations from the equatorial parts of the universe. They are really complex conditions phenomena that are still hard to understand. We will write a custom essay sample on Descriptions And Categories Of Hurricanes Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are besides called tropical cyclones and typhoons. in order for them to be classified in 1969 by Saffir, H and Simpson, B. developed a graduated table which is used to categorise them, this is refered to as the Saffir-Simpson graduated table. They range from least harmful to the most harmful ranging from class 1-5 ( Katsaros et al, 2002, ) . Hurricanes are normally accompanied by storm rushs. In order to understand the character of hurricanes the ambiance over oceans are continuously observed by assorted conditions orbiters in infinite, and other aerial detectors. Storm surges normally accompany hurricanes. Classs Cardinal Pressures in millibars Wind velocities Miles per hour Damage 1 gt ; 980 74-95 Minimal 2 965-979 96-110 Moderate 3 945-964 111-130 Extensive 4 920-944 131-155 Extreme 5 lt ; 920 gt ; 155 Catastrophic Table 1: Showing Saffir-Simpson graduated table â€Å" Beginning: Adapted from katsaros et Al ( 2002 ) † Figure 1: Partss of a hurricane â€Å" Beginning: NASA online † The parts which are: the oculus, the wall and the rain sets. Remote Sensing of hurricanes. As a consequence of their really destructive nature, hurricanes are monitored by orbiters and aerial remote feeling engineerings. The type of detectors used scope from the optical, micro-cook and non merely by conditions orbiters but by several other orbiters. In the instance of exigencies other orbiters are besides used to supervise hurricanes. Table 2 below shows some of the orbiters and aerial detectors that are used in the instance of exigencies to supervise hurricanes. Optical and micro-cook orbiters are frequently really critical in supervising hurricanes as they tend to come on. Due to their big spacial declarations, they can be used to track the flight of hurricanes. These optical imagination are besides sometimes used in the absence of Radar techniques, to analyze the physical belongingss of hurricanes. These physical belongingss include: liquid H2O way, thermodynamic stage of atoms and their approximative size ( Kokhanovsky A ; Hoyningen-Huene, 2004 ) In order to supervise hurricanes as they progress, in order for hurricanes to be understood in the context of its character and physical belongingss, microwave orbiters provide seasonably atmospheric coverage as they can perforate clouds and due to their long wavelengths and work irrespective of twenty-four hours or dark. ( Navalgund et al, 2007 ) . Scatterometers, Man-made Aperture Radar and micro-cook radiometers are some of the instruments uses in microwave remote feeling. While Scatterrometers and Man-made Aperture Radar are active detectors breathing their ain energy, Microwave Radiometers merely step reflected energy transmitted to it as it is a inactive detector. Scatterometers are used to mensurate surface air current velocities and way. They measure ocean surface raggedness and are really sensitive instruments. If the air current velocity is non Of all the declarations, a high temporal declaration is the most of import in tracking the way of a hurricane. This is non to state that radiometric, spectral and spacial declarations are non of import. This is necessary in order to adequately foretell the way of the hurricane and to efficaciously supervise its advancement to state if its strength is reduced or increased. Besides, information and information about hurricanes can easy go out-of-date as as the hurricane changes its class. Timely airing of informations from a hurricane is necessary in order for the terminal usage which might be a catastrophe monitoring bureau to accurately circulate information to the general populace. Besides, a high spectral declaration is needed in order to easy separate between sets, to be able to properly analyse informations presented. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer ( MODIS ) has really high spectral declaration of 32 sets when compared with Landsat Thematic plotter which has 7 sets ( Womble et al 2006 ) . In the trailing of the hurricane, a really larger spectral declaration will find the peculiarity between sets and the ability to spot information. Determining the perpendicular construction of the ambiance requires a high spectral declaration infrared observations. ( Schmit et al 2009 ) . Synergy or a combination of the assorted distant feeling engineerings frequently produce the best information needed to understand hurricanes. In a study carried by MCEER in the aftermath of hurricane Katrina, it was found that earlier forcasts about the class of the storm was incorrect. By uniting informations from assorted assorted orbiters, the true magniturde of the hurricane was determined ( Womble et al 2006 ) . Future tendencies in hurricane forcasting will concentrate on bettering spectral declaration in order to be able to easy demonstrated engineering such as the advanced IR sounder engineering will enable â€Å" A geostationary advanced IR sounder would supply breakthrough measurings on the clip development of horizontal and perpendicular H2O vapour and temperature constructions. These measurings would be an unprecedented beginning of information on the dynamic and thermodynamic atmospheric Fieldss, an of import benefit to nowcasting and numerical conditions anticipation † ( Schmit et al 2009 ; 2274 ) A high radiometric declaration on the other manus will take to greater peculiarity in images. The higher the spectral declaration of the image, the more characteristics can be distinguished. The areal extent covered when tracking a hurricane should non be so much in order for the Instantaneous field of position non to be excessively much. In accessing jeopardies after the hurricane, a spacial declaration is needed. As u can non hold it all, trade offs are made and determinations as to instruments which can integrate all of these features possibly will give better apprehension of hurricanes.Table 2: Distant feeling informations used in hurricane monitoring. â€Å" Beginning: Womble et Al ( 2006 ) † REMOTE SENSING OF HURRICANES The first conditions orbiters which were launched provided planetary coverage of conditions events and due to their low spacial declarations. They besides had high temporal declarations supplying seasonably updates every bit frequently as every 30mins. These orbiters include APPROPRIATENESS OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY TO SOCIO ECONOMIC SITUATION The socio-economic stableness attained by the western universe has enabled her to accomplish and be able to develop and afford really expensive engineering such as distant detection. The placing of orbiters in infinite whether Geostationary or polar orbiting and the usage of other signifiers of airborne ( aeroplanes, balloons etc ) Remote Sensing Technology, the benefits derivable from timely warning of catastrophes such as hurricanes can non be of all time emphasized ( Murthi A ; Madhusudan 2008 ) . Without this engineering natural happenings such as hurricanes can non be predicted. Remote feeling engineering by enabling early sensing of natural catastrophes and triping off widespread warning enables catastrophe warning and catastrophe direction proparations to be carried out. Disaster direction organic structures such as FERMA, seashore guard both of the united provinces are better equipped to work decently and can assist salvage 100s of 1000s of lives and harm to belongings can besides be reduced. â€Å" Satellite observations of land, oceans, atmosphere, and specifically, during natural and human-induced jeopardies have become important for protecting the planetary environment, cut downing catastrophe losingss, and accomplishing sustainable development † ( Navagundi et al 2007: 1747 ) . As a consequence of timely warning of impending catastrophes, concerns are given early warnings and can shut on clip, and belongingss which can be moved out of injuries manner were moved. In 1992, hurricane Andrew destroyed about 25,524 places and damaged another 101,241 taking to estimated amendss of $ 25billion. Besides, in 2005 hurricanes Denis, Katrina, Rita and Wilma caused huge amendss amounting to $ 32.83 billion ( Otero et al 2009 ) . IMPORTANCE OF REAL TIME REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY In supervising hurricanes as they grow and advancement, existent clip information or information is required as information can easy go out-of-date. Timely data entree and airing is really of import peculiarly in hurricanes. Although satellite engineering provides information about hurricanes they do non demo plenty item to be able to really accurately predict their tends or proctor hurricanes. NASA normally flies aircraft into the oculus of the hurricane to be able to acquire more item about the hurricanes. In cases when it is excessively unsafe to wing, aircrafts that do non necessitate worlds are flown into the hurricanes to be able to acquire more inside informations and timely updates. Hurricane Katrina presented new frontiers for research as it showed oversights in satellite anticipations. Initial premises based on the safir-simpson graduated table declared hurricane Katrina as a class 4 storm. Latter ratings utilizing a synergism of low declaration orbiters, moderate declaration orbiters, high declaration orbiters and high declaration aerial imagination showed that it was a class 3 storm and that the sum of devastation that accompanied it was a consequence of the storm rush which was still category 5 ( Womble et at 2006 ) . Detailss of the orbiters and their declarations is given below in table 2. Had the exact strength of the storm rush been known before Katrina hit, there would hold been a more equal readying and exigency response. REFEERENCES Dabas, A. ( 2010 ) Detecting the Atmospheric air current from infinite. Comptes Rendus Geosciences. Article in imperativeness. Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sciencedirect.com [ last accessed 02 January 2010 ] Harding, L.W. , Miller, W.D. , Swift, R.N. A ; Wright, C.W. ( 2003 ) Aircraft Remote Sensing. Encyclopaedia of Ocean Sciences. Pp.113-122. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sciencedirect.com [ last accessed 02 January 2010 ] Katsaros, K.B. Vachon, P.W. Liu, W.T. A ; Black, P.G ( 2002 ) Microwave Remote Sensing of Tropical Cyclones from Space. Journal of Oceanography [ Internet ] January 58 ( 1 ) , pp.137-151 Available from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.springerlink.com gt ; [ last accessed 2 January 2010 ] Kokhanovsky, A.A. A ; Hoyiningen-Huene, W.V. ( 2004 ) Optical belongingss of a hurricane. Atmospheric Research. [ Internet ] January-March 69 ( 3-4 ) pp.165-183 Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sciencedirect.com [ last accessed 02 January 2010 ] Levinson, D. H. , Vickery, P.J. A ; Resio, D.T. ( 2008 ) A reappraisal of the climatological features of landfalling Gulf hurricanes for air current, moving ridge, and billow hazard appraisal. Ocean Engineering. Article in imperativeness. Murthi, R.S. A ; Madhusudan, H.N. ( 2008 ) Strategic considerations in Indian infinite programme-Towards maximising socio-economic benefits. Acta Astronuatica. [ Internet ] July-August 63 ( 1-4 ) pp.503-508 Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sciencedirect.com [ last accessed 02 January 2010 ] Navalgundi, R.R. Jayaraman, V. A ; Roy, P.S. ( 2007 ) Remote Feeling Applications: An Overview. Current Science [ Internet ] December 93 ( 12 ) , pp.1747-1766 Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ias.ac.in/currsci/dec252007/1747.pdf [ last accessed 02 January 2010 ] Otero, C.E. , Velazquez, A. , Kostanic, I. , Subramanian, C. , Pinelli, J. A ; Buist, L. ( 2009 ) Real-time Monitoring of Hurricane Winds utilizing Wireless and Sensor Technology. JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS. [ Internet ] December 4 ( 12 ) pp.1275-1285 Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.academypublisher.com/ojs/index.php/jcp/article/viewFile/041212751285/1332 [ last accessed 02 January 2010 ] Schmit T.J. Li, J. Ackerman, S.A. A ; Gurka, J.J. ( 2009 ) High-Spectral- and High-Temporal-Resolution Infrared Measurements from Geostationary Orbit. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. [ Internet ] November, volume 26 pp.2273-2292 Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //ams.allenpress.com/archive/1520-0426/26/11/pdf/i1520-0426-26-11-2273.pdf [ last accessed 02 January 2010 ] Womble, J.A. Ghosh, S. Adams, B.J. A ; Friedland, C.J. ( 2006 ) Advanced Damage Detection for Hurricane Katrina: Integrating Remote Sensing and VIEWSa„? Field Reconnaissance. MCEER Special Report Series [ Internet ] March, Volume 2, pp hypertext transfer protocol: //mceer.buffalo.edu/publications/Katrina/06SP02-web.pdf [ last accessed 02 January 2010 ] NASA ( 2004 ) How strong is that Hurricane. Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k4/home/F_How_Strong_Is_That_Hurricane.html [ last accessed 02 January 2010 ] How to cite Descriptions And Categories Of Hurricanes Environmental Sciences Essay, Essays

Management Methodology & Project Success-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1. Define what a methodology is and the role it serves in Project Management. 2. Familiarise yourselves with the various methodologies in the list below. Choose two methodologies from this list to compare and contrast, analysing the similarities and differences between them both. 3. Finally, identify how your chosen methodologies and processes relate to the project life cycle (PLC). Answers: 1.Define what a methodology is and the role it serves in project management. A methodology can be defined as a model where project manager is able to involve in different designs along with planning, execution and accomplishment of the present objective of the project. There are multiple methodologies in project management in order to gain advantage through different projects. For instance, there is particular kind of methodology used by a organization like NASA. The organization utilizes it to build a specific space based station while the Navy wanted to take a different route and use different methodology to build multiple kinds of submarines (Joslin Mller, 2015). Therefore, there are distinct project based management methods that can cater to the requirement of different kinds of projects spanned across distinct business areas. In the current time, projects are usually large in size and very complicated with important involvement of huge risk. These complicated projects consist of the following: - Different kind of delivery units with subcontractors as well as vendors with number of customer based personnel. There functions are based on delivery that the company must get involved in and organize properly (Kerzner, 2013). There are different kinds of contracts for software, tools, hardware as well as services like business analysis, training related communication and in the end installation. It is important to have a synchronized vision where project that can meet the customer needs and are acceptable to all kind of parties. Different kind of user interacts in varied geographic location distributed evenly. There are different kind of technologies like LAN, WAN, routers, animation, artificial intelligence and many more. These all should be harnessed in an effective manner as well as integrated to deal with the need of customers and their expectations (Marcelino-Sdaba et al, 2014). 2.SDLC and Waterfall model SDLC is also called as a software development life cycle model which is taken as a structured way to develop a software. There are different kinds of activities done in a more sequence form to accomplish the end product (Alshamrani Bahattab, 2015). Every phase is connected with a lot of deliverable that function as an input to the additional phase of SDLC. Following are some of the popular SDLC models: - Waterfall modelIncremental life cycle modelV-shaped modelSpiral model The report will discuss in detail about waterfall model which is considered as one of the most popular models of SDLC (Mahalakshmi Sundararajan, 2013). This model has to offer different kind of deliverables for every phase. This model also offers the following advantages: -The model is simple and can be executed in an easy manner.The model follows a linear form of approach and this is why it can be managed easily.Every phase is implemented once in a timeframe (Mahalakshmi Sundararajan, 2013).The project is utilized best for projects which are small in size. Following are some of the disadvantages: - It involves a high-risk factor.It cannot be advantageous for large projects.It is not flexible by nature so if the requirements are changing during the project, it cannot be used (Mahalakshmi Sundararajan, 2013).It is not best suited for complex projects. 3.Identify how SDLC and waterfall model relate to the project life cycle. Following are the ways in which these models can relate to PLC:-It is important to have a stable product definition.It is important to have a clear technology.There should not be any requirements which are ambiguous by nature. It is important to understand here, that a very small number of customer communications is involved at the time of development of the product (Saxena Upadhyay, 2016). When the product is ready to use, only then it can be exposed to end users. But, if there is any failure about it development and exposure to end users, the cost of fixing it is very high at this point because updating process is required at every phase. References Alshamrani, A., Bahattab, A. (2015). A comparison between three SDLC models waterfall model, spiral model, and Incremental/Iterative model.International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI),12(1), 106. Joslin, R., Mller, R. (2015). Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts.International Journal of Project Management,33(6), 1377-1392. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Mahalakshmi, M., Sundararajan, M. (2013). Traditional SDLC Vs Scrum MethodologyA Comparative Study.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,3(6), 192-196. Marcelino-Sdaba, S., Prez-Ezcurdia, A., Lazcano, A. M. E., Villanueva, P. (2014). Project risk management methodology for small firms.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), 327-340. Saxena, A., Upadhyay, P. (2016). Waterfall vs. Prototype: Comparative Study of SDLC.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(6).

Howard Roark, in Ayn Rands The Fountainhead Essay Example

Howard Roark, in Ayn Rands The Fountainhead Paper That is probably the most selfish statement that you have ever heard in your life. Selfishness in our society is view as a bad thing. What if someone could perfectly articulate that selfishness, in its purest form, could be the best way to live your life? Ayn Rands rational selfishness is best shown by her two heroes, Howard Roark and John Galt, in the novels The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged respectively. Her philosophy has been read by, and influenced millions of people, including some of the worlds leaders of business. This selfish though, is not the selfish that you are accustomed to. Ayn Rand redefines the word selfishness through these two characters, and puts them above the lying, cheating and plundering of the recent plague of corporate scandal. More importantly, her philosophy is about man as a hero, and the triumph of the human spirit in its purest, selfish state. Ayn Rand uses Howard Roark, the protagonist in The Fountainhead, to show that the rights of the individual completely outweigh the needs of society as a whole. First, to establish a basis for her philosophy, Rand must make Roark fit the mold of a hero. What is a hero by todays standards? We will write a custom essay sample on Howard Roark, in Ayn Rands The Fountainhead specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Howard Roark, in Ayn Rands The Fountainhead specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Howard Roark, in Ayn Rands The Fountainhead specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Someone who strives to be above the normal? Someone who has a certain aura about them that they have something more than most? Is this a hero? His face was closed like the door of a safety vault; things locked in safety vaults are valuable; men do not care to feel that. He was a cold, disquieting presence in the room; his presence had a strange quality: it made itself felt and yet made them feel that he was not there; or perhaps that he was and they werent (Rand, The Fountainhead 62). Roark has an uncanny ability to make those around him feel as though he is the only one in the room. This is a very powerful image when you look at the characterization of Roark. He goes through life with this power, this presence, that makes all others around him insignificant. This power is his ego. Rand makes him above all others, much like a super hero. Essentially though Rand believes that all men can be heroes and the accomplishment, creations, of man should be praised. President Herbert Hoover, before the popularity of Rand, shared the same pride in the accomplishments of men. Once in a speech regarding one of our national treasures, the dam that bares his name, Hoover expresses his pride in the heroic ability of man. It does give me extraordinary pleasure to see the great dream I have so long held taking form in actual reality of stone and cement. This dam is the greatest engineering work of its character ever attempted by the hand of man. The waters of this great river, instead of being wasted in the sea, will now be brought into use by man. The whole of this will translate itself . into millions of happy homes. out under the blue sky of the West (Stockdon 818). Roarks life and the vessel of philosophy that he is are best shown in two events in his life. The first is his expulsion from The Stanton Institute of Technology. Roark in his history at the school was a genius, in the subjects of math and engineering. In addition to that he was a genius in design, but this is where the universitys problem arose. Roarks convictions, when it comes to architecture, are unbreakable. The basis for his expulsion is his refusal to reproduce styles that are considered timeless. I do not understand why you want me to believe that this is great architecture. That, said the Dean. is the Parthenon. So it is. I havent the time to waste on silly questions. All right then. Roark got up, took a very long ruler from the desk and walked to the picture. Shall I tell you what is rotten about it? Its the Parthenon! said the Dean Yes, God damn it the Parthenon! Then Roark goes on, at length to explain that the reason that the Greeks designed things such as the Parthenon was because, previously to that period of architecture, columns and triglyphs were used to hide joints in wood. The Greeks then took there wooden principles and applied them to marble. Roark simply asks the question why should something that served one purpose as wood, serve the same purpose as marble. Roark is beautifully stubborn, but his stubbornness is justified because he is right, and he knows that he is. Roark is proud of man and the accomplishes that he has had. That is why he does not think that one should look at the accomplishments of the past only, and not strive to create. The Dean then asks him about his clients. If Roark continues to only design the way that he does, he is surely to not have clients. To Roark though that is a trivial thing. I could say that I must try to sell him (the client) the best I have and also teach him to know the best. I could say it, but I wont. Because I dont intend to build in order to serve or help anyone. I dont intend to build in order to have clients. I intend to have clients in order to build (Rand, The Fountainhead 26). Roarks selfishness is clearly shown by his lack of flexibility when it comes to his ideals. This is another trait that he has that makes him into a hero. I mean Superman is not ever a little bad. Rather, he never sways from being a good guy, never. Roark in the same manner does not sway from what he thinks is right. His righteousness, though, gets him into quite an ordeal. The most concrete testimony of Rands philosophy comes out in the Cortland Trial. Roark designed a government housing project on the sole terms that his original plans be left unchanged. When his plans are altered, he destroys his work by means of dynamite. Why is it so important that his plans be left unchanged? Simply put, Roark lives to see his buildings erected. Just as his buildings come to life, he also breathes life when the plans become reality. In his defense and summation he gives a speech that is unparalleled, except by another of Rands heroes. His speech is a retelling of the history of man, and the history of persecution of men that are like him. Roark refers to himself as a creator. His enemy is the second hander. The creators, create the things that the second handers give away. Charity and self sacrifice are the ideals of the second handers. Roark says: Men have been taught that it is the highest virtue to give. Yet one cannot give what has not been created. Creation comes before distribution. The need for the creator comes before any possible beneficiary (Rand, The Fountainhead 680). The second handers would not have anything if not for the creators. And yet the altruists want to take everything that he holds as sacred. The altruists want his buildings, which in turn he gives life to, loves, and extends himself into. Roark holds himself and his work as sacred and the second handers want to give it away before Roark even can create it. They want his individuality and that is what Roark cannot give and his summation explains this, and he is acquitted. Ayn Rand uses Howard Roark to establish her views on the needs of the individual, in contrast to the needs of society, as a whole. Although Howard Roark is essentially the voice of Rand, her philosophy is not fully developed through him. On the other hand, with John Galt, Rand culminates her philosophy by creating the most selfish character in the history of literature. Rand shifts gears from individual vs. society in The Fountainhead, to capitalism, business and government in her epic, one thousand seventy eight page novel, Atlas Shrugged. This novel describes a world where business men, musician, mathematicians and philosophers are persecuted for living their life to please themselves. John Galt is one of the victims of this society. He invented an engine that draws power from static electricity from the air. This invention would be the safest and most abundant source of energy the world has ever known, but the society wanted to take it from him so that he could not enjoy the fruits of his labor. So he simply destroyed the machine, his research and all blueprints so that they could not use it. Galt then gathers all of the men around the world that are persecuted like him and colonizes them to a secret location in Colorado. Just before Galt completely removes the men from the world he takes one last opportunity to address the world. In a very Ayn Randian way he gives a 42 page speech which is the heart of the philosophy of Ayn Rand. Rand believes in a system of pure, laissez faire capitalism. In this society the government has no role in the world of business. In the society that Rand creates in Shrugged the government rapes the business man of everything. The capitalist, selfish, business owners are plundered by the socialist system as Galt describes here: You did not care to allow rewards to be won by successful production; you are now running a race in which rewards are won by successful plunder. You called it selfish and cruel that men should trade value for value; you have now established an unselfish society where they trade extortion for extortion (Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged 976). I think that what Galt is saying here holds some truth. There are times when I think that the government does not allow business to do as much as they would like. Recently, Bill Gates, an avid reader of Atlas Shrugged, and his corporation Microsoft, came under fire from the American government on grounds of monopolizing software. In the end he ended up compromising and the government essentially won. On the other hand if I were Bill Gates, the second that the government brought charges against me I would have threatened to move my headquarters, currently in Seattle, Washington, 100 miles north into Canada. The government would have backed off pretty quick. As much as they do not want a monopoly they crave Bill Gates income tax and the taxes collected from the selling of Microsoft stocks on the market. The government wants everyone to have a fair shot but they also want the money generated by this countrys largest corporations. That is essentially what John Galt did. He took away what the government was trying to plunder, the selfish men of the world. You may be asking yourself; What does Ayn Rand believe, if any, is the role of the government? In Atlas Shrugged the government has control of everything and their power is unlimited. In our society, the government plays a pretty large role. John Galt, speaking for Ayn Rand on page 972, says that: The only proper functions of the government are: the police, to protect you from criminals; the army, to protect you from foreign invaders; an the courts, to protect your property and contracts from breach or fraud by others. John Galt and Rand would agree that the governments role is merely for an individuals protection from other individuals. They would agree in the minimalization of government as much as possible. This type of political philosophy shows up today in various ways. For example, a hot topic now is privatization of social security. Personally, I believe that social security should be eliminated entirely, but at least I should be able to take my money out of the hands of the government. The government has bankrupted the social security trust fund by seven trillion dollars. I will never see a dime of social security, yet I am still paying. Rand, Galt, and Roark would agree with me that this concept takes away from the virtue of selfishness that they live by. Galt is the vessel by which Rand professes her philosophy on business, and his extreme selfishness and desire to reap the rewards of his hard work are the ideals at the heart of Rands philosophy. It is when this selfishness is taken out of context that some controversy can arise. Ayn Rands philosophy of rational selfishness has touched the lives of millions of people. In a recent poll of American Book Club members, Atlas Shrugged has been named the second most influential book of all time. Second on to The Bible, Atlas Shrugged has influenced some of the most powerful men and women in the world. Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple computers has read the book. As I mentioned before, Bill Gates, the worlds richest man, has read the book. In addition, the most powerful man in the world, Chairman of the Federal Reserve, Alan Greenspan, not only read the book, but he was a member of Rands inner circle. Journalist Michael Lewis wrote that Greenspan has preserved a hard core of fanaticism, encasting it in a shell of pragmatism, waiting for everyone to realize that extreme laissez faire capitalism is the best system (The American Enterprise). In the United States today their is a corporate witch hunt underway and the target is big business. The executives of Enron and Worldcom have lied to, cheated and deceived their shareholders. The media targets selfishness as the motive for these men and their inexcusable behavior. Because Ayn Rand is an advocate of selfishness, big business, and because these executives have all read Atlas Shrugged, Rand has been found guilty by association and coincidence, of justifying the actions of these execs. The media associates Atlas Shrugged with greed, deception and fraud, which all these executives are guilty of. In contrast though, it is the media who is guilty of selective reading and misquoting the second most influential book of all time. A recent USA Today articles headline reads: Scandals lead execs to Atlas Shrugged; 1957 Ayn Rand novel sanctions self interest. Just by that association Rands novel has been connected to the actions of the executives. The media makes multiple mistakes which make their claim untrue. The first is that Ayn Rand redefined the word selfish in her two epic novels. The media does not apply Rands definition of selfishness to the acts of these executives. Of course when you call these men selfish by the definition most widely used they would fit the description. On the other hand, they neglect to compare these men to the meaning of selfishness described by Ayn Rand. The second mistake that the media has made is that they have selectively read some of the book and have left crucial pieces out to fit their own needs. John Galt in his speech says; that neither love, nor fame, nor cash is a value if obtained by fraud (Rand, Atlas Shrugged, 932). John Galt, or Ayn Rand essentially, feels that fraud makes your selfishness void. A truly selfish man earns his wealth through his own hard work alone. These men lied on their annual earnings and fooled their stockholders, while at the time they were frantically cashing in their stock, essentially getting rich. Not only would Ayn Rand condemn these men she would probably spearhead the investigations. This is another example of taking things out of context. When the media leaves crucial things out they are, ideally, doing a great injustice and turning many people off to a great author. When I was a child I used to pretend that I was one of many super heroes. I used to take off all of my clothing, except underwear, tie a towel around my neck, and pretend that I was Superman. It is this mentality that Ayn Rand attempts to draw out with her philosophy. Not the mentality of a child, but the common desire that we have to be a hero. Her Supermen, Howard Roark and John Galt, lead the reader to agree that they can do something great with their lives. Rands work has such appeal and will continue to have it, because it appeals to the individual, not the collective. These are the principles, by which, this country was founded and it is the reason why our system is working. Capitalism allows the potential for us all to be heroes. They dont call it living the American dream for nothing. The words of Howard Roark say it all: Now observe the results of a country built on the principle of individualism. This, our country. The noblest country in the history of man. The country of greatest achievement, greatest prosperity, greatest freedom. This country was not based on selfless service, sacrifice, renunciation or any precept of altruism. It was based on a mans right to the pursuit of happiness. His own happiness. Not anyone elses. A private, personal, selfish motive. Look at the results. Look into your own conscience.

The Minimum Wage Example

The Minimum Wage Example The Minimum Wage – Book Report/Review Example The Minimum Wage Reaction to Article I believe that the arguments are true, valid andfounded. This is because the author looks at both sides of the cognitive dissonance on minimum wages and maximum rents. The author, Garry Galles, has managed to paint a clear picture of how government has chosen to handle the problems of minimum wages and maximum rents (Galles). I agree with the author that government has acted in a manner that is contradictory to itself by employing countermeasures to its own measures. By introducing higher minimum wages, the government has driven the cost of employment higher and has therefore reduced the number of job opportunities in the market. This has increased employee compensation but has driven up prices and increased unemployment.I also agree with the fact that the rationale that government has employed has been distorted by cognitive dissonance in the fundamental theoretical framework employed in policy formulation. This fundamental flow creates a redunda nt loop in which the government takes measures to improve the economy and employs countermeasures against itself.Reaction to Student’s ResponseI believe the student has gained a good understanding of the fundamental theories engrained in the article. He student has supported their arguments with statistical information. They have however diverted from the course of the discussion by introducing a new aspect to the discussion. They have introduced the issue of job ranking or classification. By introducing this, the student fails to close their argument effectively leaving it open ended. However, I agree with the notion against minimum jobs realizing a 100% increase in compensation as this would reduce the number of jobs and increase unemployment rates within the economy.Galles, Gary. "Cognitive Dissonance on Minimum Wages and Maximum Rents." 15 April 2014. Ludwig von Mises Institute. Print. 15 May 2014. .

Berninis Visit to France - Outline Annotated Bibliography

Berninis Visit to France - Outline - Annotated Bibliography Example A painter and architect in his own right, Bernini’s greatest architectural achievement – according to the Encyclopedia Britannica – was â€Å"Bernini’s greatest architectural achievement is the colonnade enclosing the piazza before St. Peter’s Basilica† . His self portraits as a young and mature man number among some of the most famous paintings in the world. His fame prompted King Louis XIV of France to invite him to Paris, where he stayed from April 1655 to November of that year. He soon lost favor with the French court, however, when he praised the art and architecture of Italy over that of France. His output from his stay in Paris was thus negligible. There is of course, ample scope for scholars to impact and relevance of Bernini’s visit to France. Would a prolonged stay by Bernini have affected the movement of art in France? Did he usually flatter his hosts? Son of Pietro Bernini and Angelica Galante, Gianlorenzo Bernini was an exceptional sculptor, painter and architect. Born in Naples in 1598, his skill as a painter was recognized by Pope Paul V when he was only seven. His father lent him the teachings to turn him into a fine sculptor, and very soon the young boy earned himself the patronage of Pope Paul V. Thus, he began sculpting under the influence of the Vatican. His sculptures depicted his strong influence from the Greek and Roman sculptures in the Vatican; as a result, for a large part of his life, Bernini’s sculptures were influenced by the Hellenistic era. His earlier works attracted the patronage of the great Borghese family.

Business Models and Planning Chapter Questions Assignment - 5

Business Models and Planning Chapter Questions - Assignment Example The leading indicators consist of measures of economic activities where shifts attempt predicting onset of a cycle. This group employs approximately 10 distinguishing indicators. They include orders made by consumers to the manufacturers, index performance of vendors, manufacturer’s orders for nondefense goods, building permits issued in a period, average working weeks, interest rates in treasury bonds, and average initial claims among others. b. Coincidental indicators- these constitute a collection of processes of business events that fluctuate in the business process. Hey /play an important role in shaping the business cycle as compared to the rest. Their movement is directly proportional to movement of the economy. Four categories are included in coincidental indicators. They include: the number of people employed in nonagricultural businesses, industrial production, individual incomes, and manufacturing and trade sales. c. Lagging indicators- Just as the name suggests, lagging indicators show the phases in the cycle after business events. Normally, they are visible after six to twelve months of a business event. Close to seven measures are used as lagging indicators in business. They include: consumer’s price indices, outstanding commercial or industrial debts, unit cost in manufacturing, ‘fractions of consumers’ credits, and mean durations of unemployment and ratio of inventories to sales. A business model in this context will describe the justification of how a business forms, delivers, and takes note of values in an economic setup. The models in this scenario are a way of the business attaining the aims and objectives. The business models become representations when they are used for a number of events in formal or non-formal setups. The models are used for representations of business strategies, infrastructure, trade events, and given operational processes To develop a full business model that develops to a

Importance of Cost Reduction and Control

Importance of Cost Reduction and Control Assignment on financial principles and techniques Introduction Strategic investment decision making indicates the process of identifying, evaluating, and selecting among projects which are more likely to have significant effect on the organizations competitive advantage. More clearly, the decision influences what the organization does (i.e., the set of product and service attributes that are offerings of the organization), where it does it (i.e., the structural characteristics that determine the scope and geographical dispersion of organizations operations), and how it does it (i.e., the set of operating processes and work practice).The strategic investment decision making process is arguably one of senior management greatest challenges. It is significantly needed to get these decisions right. If the decision is successful, the firm can enjoy strategic as well as operational advantage. But while the decision proves wrong, either a potential opportunity is lost or it has needlessly spoiled substantial resources (through fruitless investment). Som e traditional approaches to strategic investment appraisals which include payback, accounting rate of return, return on investment, residual income, and discounted cash flow have been criticized on the basis of a number of grounds. Some main criticisms are their narrow perspective, exclusion of nonfinancial benefits, overemphasis on the short-term, faulty assumptions about the status quo, inconsistent treatment of inflation, and promotion of non-value adding behavior. Task 1 Cost Reduction Techniques. Cost reduction means reducing cost associated with production or other cost activities without affecting the quality of product or service as well as activities. Through cost reduction procedures or techniques managers reduce cost. For this they develop different cost reduction techniques. The success of any organization largely depends on how strategically cost is managed compared with that of competitors. It certainly provides competitive advantage which is essential in this hyper competitive market or business world. As the manager is the higher authority of any organization, they are to develop different types of policies and strategies to run the business successfully. Processes of Cost Reduction: Identify the Saving Make your prediction on saving Measure the process prior to adjustment Make the cost saving change Measure the process after Confirm saving has been made and it hasnt impacted other areas to make a loss. If YES move onto next project. If NO go back to the beginning and start again. Appropriate Costing System: Cost that is allocated to units of production can be actual cost or standard cost. In an actual or historical cost system, cost is allocated as they occur. Under standard costing system, product operations and process are costed through using standard for both activities and dollar amount. These standards are predetermined in advance of production. The actual cost system and standard cost system can be used with either job order or process cost accumulation approaches. Job order costing is applied to job order work in factories, workshops and repair shops as well as to work by builders, construction engineers and printers. A variation of the job order cost method is that of costing orders by lots. In the shoe manufacturing companies for example, a contract is typically divided into lots which consists of 100 to 250 pairs of one size and style of shoe. The cost is then accumulated for each lot. On the other hand, the process cost system is applied to industries such as flour mills, br eweries, chemical plants and textile factories. However there are many companies that use both job order and process costing according to their needs. The basic difference between job order costing and process costing is the breadth of the denominator. The denominator of job order costing system is small (e.g.: one painting 100 advertising circulars, one special package machine or one highway bridge). But in the case of process costing, the denominator is large (e.g.: thousands of pounds, gallons or board feet.). Task 2 The importance of developing cost reduction techniques: It helps to enhance management performance or efficiency It helps to know the nature of cost It helps to reduce the cost of operations of the organization It helps to set competitive price of product or service It helps to increase market share in the industry It helps to increase profit or return It helps to enjoy competitive advantage over competitors Proposed costing and pricing systems Basis of Costing Methods Material cost Labor cost Overhead cost Opportunity cost Structure of Costing Costing principles and methodology Fixed and variable cost Direct cost (material and labor) Indirect cost (overhead and activity based costing) Product cost and periodic cost Product cost and sales cost Actual Costing To set actual cost To change to actual cost To analyze variance Evaluation of Project Breakeven analysis Marginal contribution Opportunity cost Payback NPV,DCF, IRR ROI ROC Project Case Pricing How to cost project correctly How to get project approve What cost to exclude Essential cost to include A business case proposal Preparing a Master Budget Master budget is a comprehensive planning document which incorporates several other individual budgets. The operation budget consists of eight individual budgets which are as follows: Sales budget: The sales budget shows the expected sales in units at their expected selling price in a certain period of time. A business firm generally prepares the sales budget for a given period of time on the basis forecasted sales level, production capacity, as well as long and short term goals. Production Budget: Production budget is a plan for obtaining the resources needed to carry out the manufacturing operations of the organization to meet up the expected sales and maintain the expected level of ending inventory. The current production level depends on sales level, units of finished goods ending and beginning inventory. Direct Material Budget: The directed material budget shows the direct materials business firm needs for its production and the budgeted cost. This budget is very much related to production budget. Direct Labor Budget: To prepare direct labor budget and the direct materials budget, production budget is needed. It helps personnel department of the organization to plan for new hires and repositioning of employees. A good labor budget is very helpful for a business firm to avoid urgent hiring and help to prevent the shortage of labor. Factory Overhead Budget: This budget includes all the production costs except for direct materials and direct labor budgets. Manufacturing cost is the cost that varies in direct proportion with the manufactured units and how the business firm carries out its operation. Selling and administrative expenses budget: This type of budget indicates a plan for all non-manufacturing expenses. This budget provides you with a guideline for selling and administrative activities for the period of your budget. Budgeted income Statement: Budgeted income statement is the last part of operational of a master budget. It actually estimates the expected operating income from budgeted operations in a certain period of time. The second part of master budget includes financial budget and financial budget is the combination of following two individual budgets: Cash Budget: A cash budget shows the effect/impact of all the budgeted activities on cash. Through preparing a cash budget, the management of a business firm is supposed to be able to make sure that they have sufficient cash on hand needed to carry out activities. It also helps them to have enough time to plan for any additional financing and plan for investment of surplus cash. Budgeted Balance Sheet: Budgeted balance sheet is the last part in preparing master budget. This budgeted balance sheet shows the expected financial position at the end of the fiscal year (at a point of time) or budget period. It is very important to understand how to prepare a master budget since it helps a business to maximize its profit/return and to have a good handle on their budget period. Potential for the Use of Activity Based Costing ABC system provides highly accurate product or customer cost that a company can use for strategic decision. This system helps to understand the cause effects relationship between day to day activities and product or customer cost and theory aids the operational control purpose of cost management system. Task 3 Calculation of ratio Ratio analysis of Amber Lights ltd for two years is as follows: Last Year a) Return on capital employed = Net Profit/Total capital = 8000/109000 = 7.34% b) Return on ordinary shareholders fund = Net profit/ ordinary shareholders fund =8000/16000 =50% c) Gross profit margin = Gross profit/Net sales = 92000/350000 =26.29% d) Net profit margin = Net profit/Net sales =8000/350000 =2.29% e) Current ratio = Current asset/current liabilities =110000/50000 =2.2:1 f) Acid test ratio =C.A-Closing stock/ current liabilities =110-44/50 =1.32:1 g) Average stock turnover period =Cost of sales/Average Inventory =258000/44000 =5.86 times Period =360/5.86 =61.43 days This Year a) Return on capital employed = Net Profit/Total capital = 12000/117000 = 10.26% b) Return on ordinary shareholders fund = Net profit/ ordinary shareholders fund = 12000/16000 =75% c) Gross profit margin = Gross profit/Net sales =110000/420000 =26.19% d) Net profit margin = Net profit/Net sales =12000/420000 =2.86% e) Current ratio = Current asset/current liabilities =136000/92000 =1.48:1 f) Acid test ratio =C.A-Closing stock/ current liabilities =136000-63000/92000 =.79:1 g) Average stock turnover period =Cost of sales/Average Inventory =310000/63000 =4.92 times Period =360/4.92 Analysis of Operating Efficiency and Profitability The given ratio of Amber Lights ltd. indicates two types of ratio including operating efficiency and profitability. The operating profitability ratio indicates that return on capital employed ratio of last year is 10.26% and this year is 7.34%, return on ordinary shareholders fund ratio of last year is 50% and this year is 75%, gross profit margin of last year is 26.29% and this year is 26.19%, on the other hand, net profit margin ratio is 2.29% and this year is 2.86%.So we can say from the above discussion that operating profitability of two year is very close except ordinary shareholder fund. So this year performance is better than last year. We also see from the operating efficiency ratio that current ratio of last year is 2.20:1 and current year is 1.48:1, acid test ratio of last year is 1.32:1 and current year is .79:1, and average stock turn over period of last year is 61.43 days and this year is 73.17 days. From the given data of last year and the current year of Amber Lights ltd we find that last year performance is better than this year. So from the given data analysis we can say that last year operating efficiency was better than that of current year. Limitation of Ratio Analysis: Although ratio analysis provides important implications, there are some limitations of ratio analysis. The main limitations of ratio analysis are given below: Accounting treatment varies between firms Firms with different divisions operating in different industries make it difficult to find industry ratio analysis Some Results may be in consistent Ratios which are outside an industry range might be cause of much concern. Task 4 Financial Appraisal Methods There are several different appraisal methods and each of those methods has its particular applications, advantages and drawbacks. Simple Payback This is one of the simplest and widely recognized methods of cost/benefit analysis. Payback period is defined as the length of time required to recover the original investment on the project, through cash flows. The cash flows include operating profit, less income tax payable, plus depreciation. Internal Rate of Return It can be said that it is the mostly used method for the financial evaluation of a companys investment. The internal rate of return (IRR) can be defined as the rate of return required to make the present value of future cash flows plus the final market value of the investment, equal to the current market price for the investment. Actually it is a discount rate making the net present value equal to zero. Average Rate of Return The average rate of return is calculated profit after tax divided by book value of investment. Under this method, the entire life of any project is considered. Net Present Value Net present value is one of the discounted cash flow techniques. This method considers time value of money. It is calculated as present value of future cash inflows over the life of the project less present value of cash outflows. Benefit Cost Ratio Benefit cost ratio is another version of net present approach. Under this approach, the benefits from the project are reduced to their present value at a specified rate of discount and this figure is divided by the present value of the cost of the project. Discounted Cash Flow This approach actually represents what a company is willing to pay at the present (today) to receive anticipated cash flow in future years. So it is a process of converting future earnings into todays money. Future cash flows are discounted to demonstrate their present values and determine the value of the project. These are well established and understood appraisal tools to financially evaluate projects. All appraisal methods are not supposed to provide the same result. Increasingly, with the creation of stakeholder value being determined by an organizations environmental and social policies and values, new criteria and perspectives will have to be factored into organizations decision-making process. Strategic Issues in Making Investment Decisions The prime objective of every business organization is to make money for the owners now and in the future. Investment decision plays a significant role in making investment decisions. Both quantitative as well as qualitative issues must be considered in decision making. Short-term decisions are relatively easy on the quantitative side: Would you rather spend $10,000 or $15,000 given the same revenue? Would you rather sell something for $5.00 per unit or $7.00 per unit given the same costs? Would you rather have net income of $60,000 or $50,000? Long-term (investment) decision involves two additional dimensions as follows: Timing Magnitude Discounted Cash Flow Analysis addresses the timing issue. Discounted Cash Flows (DCF Analysis) A dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future. A dollar in the future is worth less than a dollar today. Steps to DCF To determine future cash flows To determine the appropriate discount rate Higher discount rate = lower present value Lower discount rate = higher present value High risk generally requires greater return Higher risk = higher discount rate Discount the future cash flows by using the selected hurdle rate Compare the present value of the future cash flows to the investment If PV of inflows > PV of outflows, project is acceptable If PV of inflows < PV of outflows, project is rejected NPV = PV of all Inflows PV of all outflows Tools of DCF: PV = to compute the present value of single future amount or a set annuity using a given particular discount rate FV = to compute the future value of a single present amount or a set annuity given a particular discount rate Rate = to computes the particular discount rate needed to convert a present value to a future value or a future value to a present value NPV = to computes the net present value of a series of dissimilar future cash flows given a particular discount (hurdle) rate If NPV > 0, the investment is acceptable If NPV < 0, the investment is rejected IRR = computes the discount (hurdle) rate which makes net present value equal to zero. If IRR > the hurdle rate, the investment is acceptable If IRR < the hurdle rate, the investment is rejected Example: Suppose, company XYZ wants to make investment decision of $ 200000 for a project. The company must justify the PV of cash inflows and compare it with the cash outflows. If the value of PV is greater than cash outflow then the company should accept the project. Conclusion: Cost concept is very essential for decision making process. As the manager is the higher authority of any organization, they are to develop different types of policies and strategy to run the business successfully. So development of cost reduction procedures is one of the most important strategies. It is very important to develop cost reduction procedures because it increases the profit of the firm through reducing cost of production. If the manager cannot control cost their operating expense will be higher and higher and therefore reducing the profit of the firm. A firm which can not control cost cannot sustain in the competitive business world. So to make proper investment decisions financial managers should have clear knowledge about financial principles and techniques for better performance.

How to Stop Worrying and Start Living – Book Review

Notes on Author: Dale Breckenridge Carnegie (November 24, 1888 – November 1, 1955) was an American writer, lecturer, and the developer of famous courses in self-improvement, salesmanship, corporate training, public speaking, and interpersonal skills. About the Book: The book is a compilation of Dale Carnegie and his students’ experiences in facing the problems and how they have come out of the depression by conquering worry. He tells us how and why to not worry about criticism, six ways to prevent fatigue and worry from keeping your energy levels. He also includes few experiences of some inspiring personalities. In this book Carnegie discusses how to analyze your worries and how to solve problems without worry. He discusses the negative effects of worry to your health and your success. He teaches how to break the worry habit, seven ways to cultivate a mental attitude that can bring you peace and happiness and a â€Å"perfect way† to conquer worry. This book is very readable and well organized. It is written so that even a school-going kid could easily understand it. This book has suggestions at the end of each chapter summarizing the material and telling the reader how to apply it. It gives simple ideas which can make a difference in our lives. It has good, positive and powerful ideas which help us to overcome the difficulties and face the problems boldly. What I learnt from the book: †¢ If you want to avoid worry live in â€Å"day tight compartments†. When our mind is occupied with work, we won’t have time to worry. It applies not only to worry, but to all kinds of negative thoughts as well. We will greatly decrease their influence if we are busy doing something constructive. †¢ We should know how to analyze and solve worry problems. We can do that by finding and collecting all the facts, analyzing those facts, making a decision, and act on it. †¢ Count your blessings, not your troubles. If we want to be happy, we should focus on all the things that work well in our life and forget the other things that don’t. †¢ One of the best ways to increase your productivity is to take rest regularly. Take rest before you feel tired. Doing this simple thing will energize yourself throughout the day and enable you to accomplish more. †¢ One of the best teachers is your own experience. You can learn from it by taking notes of the fool things you have done and criticize yourself. If you constantly do this, you will constantly improve yourself. †¢ We should not worry about what other people say about whether or not we have done our best. Once we have done our best, we can be happy no matter what people say. †¢ Often we aren’t happy because we try to change things we can’t change. We should learn to identify those things and accept them.

K. 332 First Movement Analysis

Mozart Sonata No. 12 in F Major K. 332 First Movement Rachel Gilmore MTC 461. 001 November 26, 2012 The first movement of Mozart’s piano Sonata No. 12 in F Major is written fairly typically in the very structured sonata form. Historically is follows the main guidelines that were understood for the form. Harmonically, is progresses like expected. There are a few surprises here and there, but they are typical for Mozart’s compositions, especially his sonatas of the 18th century. In all, it makes a very interesting piece of work, especially with so much contrast within it.The formal structure of the first movement is sonata form. Not only is this evident in the title but it is very clear after an analysis of the piece has been done. Sonata form is incredibly structured and has specific sections and parts that must be present in order for it to be a true sonata. These sections are split relating to key mostly. All of the required parts are present in this work with the expe cted key changes, deeming it sonata form. The piece starts with the exposition, excluding the optional introduction that can be added if a composer so chooses.This exposition is the first ninety-three measure of the movement. The end is marked with a repeat sign. In the sonata, the exposition is repeated, so this follows normal sonata formatting. All parts of the exposition are included in this sonata; theme 1, a transition, theme 2, a bridge, a closing theme, and a codetta are all present. These sections within the exposition modulate just as they are supposed to, further showing that this piece is in sonata form. The first theme is in the tonic key of F Major. The transition modulates from the tonic key to the dominant key, C Major, which is typical for a transition.Theme 2 stays in the dominant key, as does the bridge, closing theme, and codetta. The next section of music is the development. It is not very long in comparison to the exposition and the coming development, lasting o nly thirty-nine measures. It behaves just like a normal development should. It modulates a few times and does so very often and quite quickly. In this development, Mozart chose to use a sequence of new material, repeating it at different pitch levels to change keys. Some material from the first theme group and the bridge is also used.There is no false return of the first theme group, but this is most likely because the development was so short in comparison. But, the material developed from the bridge in the exposition is used to transition the end of the development into the recapitulation. The recapitulation is also standard of sonata form. Every section of the exposition should return, only with no modulations. The Recapitulation should remain entirely in the original tonic key that should have been set up by the development. The first theme group returns in the tonic key of F Major.The transition also returns and stays in the tonic key. The second theme group also comes back, st aying in the tonic key as well. The same is true of the bridge, returning in F Major only. Next, the closing theme group returns also in the original key. And lastly, the codetta returns, continuing to stay in the tonic key. The form of this sonata by Mozart matches what was typical of the sonata form in the 18th century. There was a specific way what sonatas were to be composed, one that helps analysts of the present study this classical form.But, there are some things that Mozart included that were innovative and surprising for the times. These include harmonies that differ slightly from what were common, and motivic sequences that were quite originative. The motivic sequences other composers included in their sonatas during this time were fairly simple. Listeners liked to hear something they could easily remember, something that could get stuck in their heads, that they could hum for days or weeks after they first heard it. This usually resulted in music that contained few melodi c ideas that were played with and developed.Mozart, however, began to make a trend in the later part of the 18th century of having several tuneful sequences throughout his sonatas. The No. 12 F Major sonata is a great example. The first movement in itself has seven different melodic devices. The harmony tends to stay within the realm of normal for the 1700’s. There are places, though, where Mozart again drifts from common practices. Mozart was fairly well known for his inventive bridge sections during the expositions of his sonatas. In these bridge sections, Mozart would begin a theme on v (minor), ?III, III, VI, or V that eventually creates the false sense of having transposed to the dominant V key. Often Mozart would proceed to the tonic sounding V with an augmented sixth chord. He does just this in Sonata number 12, as shown in the example on the top of the next page in measures sixty-four through sixty-seven. VI7 ii7 V7 Ger+6 V Mozart begins a harmony on a Major sixth ch ord and leads into a V with a seventh chord, giving a dominant to tonic feel.He further gives this effect by leading into another V with the augment sixth German chord that has been filled out with a perfect fifth and a major third above the A? bass. Though the augmented sixth chord is voiced unorthodoxly, it gives the same effect. The chord structure of this work is very functional. Cadence points are fairly clear and the phrases are usually of a typical length. Most of the phrases are four measures long. A few exceptions to this rule exist in the work. They show up in a few different ways including elided cadences and extended harmony.Some of the phrases elide into each other giving the effect that they are in some cases longer than four measures and in other cases, shorter. An example of this is in measures fifty-five through fifty-seven, shown at the top of the next page. The first measure shown harmonizes a V7 chord in the key of C Major. The next measure harmonizes the I chord that finishes the imperfect authentic cadence begun in the phrase. But this tonic chord also acts as the beginning harmony for the next phrase continued in the last measureV7 I V7 shown in the example with a V7 chord, and also the beginning of the bridge. So this cadence point has been elided and includes the same measure in not only two separate phrases but also two separate parts of the exposition, theme 2 and the bridge. The same type of cadences happens several other times throughout the first movement. There are also several phrases that have been extended through the use of harmony. The second cadence point of the bridge, measure sixty-seven, is the end of a phrase that started in measure sixty.This phrase lasts so long because the harmony has been heavily and easily lengthened through the progressive use of secondary dominants and seventh chords. This is illustrated in the example below. i iv7V7/III V7/VI VI7 ii7 V7 Ger+6 V Some interesting harmony occurs at several of the p hrase points within the exposition and the development. Half cadences end on the dominant V chord. But there are several cases in this sonata where a cadence point is reached, and there is another, weaker dominant in the place of the V chord.In the transition section of the exposition, there are two half cadences that occur one right after the other where a weaker dominant occurs. The first one uses a viio chord instead of a V. At the end of the next phrase, an augmented sixth chord is used, the German augmented sixth with an augmented fourth and minor third. Also, in the development, a III chord is used instead of the V during a harmonization the parallel minor key. This is quite unorthodox, especially for the times, but has the same effect within the context of the music surrounding it as using the usual dominant V chord.Most interestingly, there is a lot of contrast in within the music. Mozart was something of an innovator of contrast within a musical piece of his time. He played around with contrasting the works as they were published (composing a fast and exciting piece just after having printed a slow one) and also with dynamics, melodies, rhythms, and other musical devices within the works themselves. Sonata No. 12 is no exception. Throughout the first movement, Mozart goes back and forth between fast moving piano parts that require up and down motion on the scale to blocked chords in both hands.He also takes advantage of contrasting dynamics. Sections will go immediately from being the dynamic of piano into a next section that is marked forte with no crescendo, and vice versa. He also used rhythmic contrast. One section might be quarters and eights squarely on the beat and then be promptly followed by a section that features dotted rhythms or triplets regularly. These contrasts were very interesting for the audiences of the 18th century to hear because it was outside of what was expected. Below is an example of contrasting rhythmic sections.The first m ovement of this F Major sonata by Mozart follows the basic sonata form. There are some discrepancies along the way, even concerning basic harmonic music theory, but the outlining format still remains. The contrast makes it an interesting piece of music to analyze and hear. And the harmony is, for the majority, what is expected of basic progressions. Bibliography Balthazar, Scott L. â€Å"Tonal and Motivic Process in Mozart’s Expositions,† The Journal of Musicology 16, no. 4 (1998): 421-466, http://www. jstor. org. steenproxy. sfasu. edu:2048/stable/pdfplus/763978. pdf. Hepokoski, James. Beyond the Sonata Principle,† Journal of the American Musicological Society 55, no. 1 (2002): 91-154, http://www. jstor. org. steenproxy. sfasu. edu:2048/stable/pdfplus/10. 1525/jams. 2002. 55. 1. 91. pdf? acceptTC=true. Kamien, Roger and Wager, Nephtali. â€Å"Bridge Themes within a Chromaticized Voice Exchange in Mozart Expositions,† Music Theory Spectrum 19, no. 1 (1997) : 1-12, http://www. jstor. org. steenproxy. sfasu. edu:2048/stable/pdfplus/745996. pdf. King, A. Hyatt. Mozart in Retrospect: Studies in Criticism and Bibliography. London: Oxford University Press, 1955. Landon, H. C.Robbins and Mitchell, Donald, eds. The Mozart Companion. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. , 1956. Marshall, Robert L. , ed. Mozart Speaks: Views in Music, Musicians, and the World. New York: Schirmer Books, 1991. Ratner, Leonard. â€Å"Harmonic Aspects of Classic Form,† Journal of the American Musicological Society 2, no. 3 (1949): 159-168, http://www. jstor. org. steenproxy. sfasu. edu:2048/stable/pdfplus/829717. pdf. Zaslaw, Neal and Cowdery, William, eds. The Complete Mozart: A guide to the Musical Works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1990.

The Identity Theory Of Mind - 1385 Words

The development of the Identity Theory of Mind is representative of materialist philosophy’s shift towards questions of human consciousness. Within philosophical and scientific circles, discussions of the mind and body have supplanted discussions of what constitutes the world around us. Staggering technological innovation, alongside the establishment of superior of scientific research methodologies, has given rise to this philosophical trend – Identity Theory is, indeed, the culmination of this trend. Throughout the course of this essay I will both define and defend Identity Theory against what I consider to be two superficially convincing counter-arguments; namely, the invocation of the ‘Leibniz Law’ (otherwise referred to as The Identity of Indiscernibles) and ‘The Problem of Other Minds’. Though seemingly persuasive, the invocation of the Leibniz Law, at its core, consists of a semantic trick. As a general ontological principle the Leibniz L aw may possess some validity; in its specific application to Identity Theory however, it remains destitute of substance. On the other hand, The Problem of Other Minds relies on a radical scepticism irreconcilable with current understandings of the brain. Based on the degree of scientific knowledge available regarding the composition of the brain, Identity Theory, at this time, provides a logical and coherent account of the relationship between mind and body. The Identity Theory of Mind asserts that â€Å"states and processes of the mindShow MoreRelatedThe Mind Body Identity Theory1668 Words   |  7 Pagesnature of a human person; this has lead to various theories and speculation about the nature of the human mind and body. The question they are tying to answer is whether a human being is made of only the physical, body and brain, or both the physical or the mental, mind. In this paper I will focus on the mind-body Identity Theory to illustrate that it provides a suitable explanation for the mind and body interaction. Identity Theory Identity theorists hold the view that the mental events are nothingRead MoreThe Mind Brain Identity Theory1096 Words   |  5 Pagesof the mind have been made for and against, whether or not the mind and the brain are the same entity. The mind-brain identity theory is the view that the mind is the brain and that mental states are brain states (Mandik 77). Therefore, we can identify sensations and other mental processes with physical brain processes (Blutner 4). I argue, that the mind is not identical to the brain, and the conceivable idea of zombies, as well as the multiple realizability argument, can disprove this theory. InRead MoreThe Mind Brain Identity Theory1371 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy October 29, 2015 In this paper, I will argue that the Mind-Brain Identity Theory provides sufficient grounds to accept Epicurus’ argument for death being annihilation. I will argue my thesis by referring to Peter Carruthers’ The Mind Is the Brain to establish that one’s mental states are in fact brain states and will also refer to Epicurus’ Death is Nothing to Us. Next, I will explain that if one accepts the Identity Theory then one should also accept, as Epicurus argues, that death shouldRead MoreThe Mind / Brain Identity Theory1718 Words   |  7 PagesA person relates to the world through different mental and corporeal experiences. The former is associated with one having a (non-physical) mind, which contains beliefs, desires, feelings and so on, while the latter involves having a (physical) brain. The Mind/Body problem questions whether the mind and brain are the same or different objects. For a long time, the interpretation of these experiences has been much debated by philosophers and scientists. One influential interpretation is Descartes’sRead MoreThe Mind Brain Identity Theory1689 Words   |  7 Pagesargument that dealt a â€Å"considerable blow† to the Mind-Brain Identity Theory—a theory developed by J.C.C Smart—in which he [Putnam] stated â€Å"mental states are multiply realizable.† His argument is driven by functionalism. His functionalist account of mental states like pain differs from what is explained by the Mind-Brain Identity Theory. In turn, he also avoids the issue of multiple realizability, an issue that was proven to be problematic for the Identity Theory. This leads into John Searle s argument againstRead MoreThe Mind Brain Identity Theory Essay1977 Words   |  8 Pages The mind is a complex myriad of thoughts and psychological systems that even philosophers today cannot entirely grapple. It is composed of the senses, feelings, perceptions, and a whole series of other components. However , the mind is often believed to be similar or even the same as the brain. This gives rise to the mind-brain identity theory, and whether there exists a clear distinction between the physical world and the non-material mind. In this paper, I will delineate the similarities and differencesRead MoreThe Identity Theory Of Mind With Dualism1259 Words   |  6 Pagescontrast the physicalist identity theory of mind with dualism about the mind. â€Å"Physicalism is the position that everything that exists does so within the limits of its physical properties, and that there are no other kinds of things other than physical.†* To concisely describe physicalism in my words, it is the idea that we agree to everything being physical or in â€Å"flesh†. â€Å"In the philosophy of mind, dualism is the theory that the mental and the physical—or mind and body or mind and brain—are, in someRead MoreThe Theory Of Personal Identity988 Words   |  4 Pagessame soul theory. By having the same soul, we are the same person. I will support this argument by giving a brief overview of all the theories of personal identity then stating the objection of the same soul theory using the same body and same mind theorist. Last but not least, I will then respond accordingly to the objection by stating the connection and unchanging qualities from the same soul theory. There are approximately four theories of personal identity: no self, same soul, same mind and sameRead MoreMental States Of The Mind Body Problem1725 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Mind-body problem Abstract: The mind-body problem is a highly debated topic in philosophy, and has resulted in the creation of many theories attempting to answer it. Applying the mind-body problem to a situation where a patient lacks a normal brain but appears completely normal questions the mental states that the patient has. Looking at the views based on different theories that five doctors express, the things that stand out to me are multiple realizability, Token Identity theory and functionalismRead MoreUsing Material From Smart And Armstrong1378 Words   |  6 PagesI will explain the motivations of the type-identity thesis (Occam s Razor, and explanation of the casual efficiency of mental states) using material from Smart and Armstrong. Third, I will go onto examining type-identity thesis merits (how it solves Descartes problem of mind and body and how it allows us to derive the casual role of mental phenomena) and drawbacks (violation of Leibniz s Law and Multiple Realizability Argument). The type-identity thesis holds that mental processes are brain